Ihya' 'Ulum Al-Din Vol 2. Religious Sciences (Arabic: احياء علوم الدين Ihya 'Ulum al-Din or Ihya'ul Ulumuddin). Download as PDF or read online from Scribd.
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Moinuddin Chishti (1142–1236), Shrine of Moinuddin Chishti, mujaddid[according to whom?] of the seventh century.
Ibn Arabi (1165–1240), mujaddid[according to whom?] of the seventh century.
Muhammad Abduh (1849–1905), mujaddid[according to whom?] of the thirteenth century.
A mujaddid (Arabic: مجدد), is an Islamic term for one who brings 'renewal' (تجديدtajdid) to the religion.[1][2] According to the popular Muslim tradition, it refers to a person who appears at the turn of every century of the Islamic calendar to revive Islam, cleansing it of extraneous elements and restoring it to its pristine purity.[3]
The concept is based not on the Quran but on a hadith (a saying of Islamic prophet Muhammad),[original research?] recorded by Abu Dawood, Abu Hurairah narrated that Muhammad said:
Allah will raise for this community at the end of every hundred years the one who will renovate its religion for it.
— Sunan Abu Dawood, Book 37: Kitab al-Malahim [Battles], Hadith Number 4278[4]
Mujaddids tend to come from the most prominent Islamic scholars of the time, although they are sometimes pious rulers.[2]
![Mukhtasar ihya ulum ad din Mukhtasar ihya ulum ad din](http://hurqalya.ucmerced.edu/sites/hurqalya.ucmerced.edu/files/page/images/aqayid-0.jpg)
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- 1List of claimants and potential mujaddids
List of claimants and potential mujaddids
While there is no formal mechanism for designating a mujaddid, there is often a popular consensus. The Shia and Ahmadiyya[5][page needed][6] have their own list of mujaddids.[2]
First Century (after the prophetic period) (August 3, 718)
- Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz (682–720)[7][8]
Second Century (August 10, 815)
- Muhammad ibn Idris ash-Shafi`i (767–820)[8][9][10][11]
Third Century (August 17, 912)
- Muhammad ibn Ya'qub al-Kulayni (864–941)[10][11]
- Abu al-Hasan al-Ash'ari (874–936)[9][12]
Fourth Century (August 24, 1009)
- Abu Bakr Al-Baqillani (950–1013)[8][13]
- Hakim al-Nishaburi (933–1012)[10]
- Ibn Hazm (994–1064)[11]
Fifth Century (September 1, 1106)
- Abu Hamid al-Ghazali (1058–1111)[8][9][11][14][15][16][17]
Sixth Century (September 9, 1203)
- Fakhr al-Din al-Razi (1149–1210)[18]
Seventh Century (September 5, 1300)
- Moinuddin Chishti (1165–1240)[11]
- Ibn Arabi (1165–1240)[11]
- Ibn Taymiyyah (1263–1328)[11]
Eighth Century (September 23, 1397)
- Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani (1372–1448)[19]
Ninth Century (October 1, 1494)
- Jalaludin Al-Suyuti (1445–1505)[7][20]
Tenth Century (October 19, 1591)
- Khayr al-Din al-Ramli (1585–1671)[7]
Eleventh Century (October 26, 1688)
- Ahmad Sirhindi (1564–1624)[12][21]
- Abdullah ibn Alawi al-Haddad (1634–1720)[22]
- Shah Waliullah Dehlawi (1703–1762)[23]
Twelfth Century (November 4, 1785)
- Murtaḍá al-Zabīdī (1732–1790)[20]
- Shah Abdul Aziz Delhwi (1745–1823)[24]
- Usman Dan Fodio (1754–1817)[25]
Thirteenth Century (November 14, 1882)
- Muhammad Abduh (1849–1905)[11]
- Said Nursî (1878–1960)[26]
Fourteenth Century (November 21, 1979)
- Abul A'la Maududi (1903-1979)[27]
- Ahmad Raza Khan (1856–1921)[28]
- Mirza Ghulam Ahmad (1835–1908)[29][nb 1]
Notes
- ^Mirza Ghulam Ahmad is the founder of the Ahmadiyya sect of Islam. The Sunni mainstream and the majority of Muslims reject the sect as it believes in prophethood after Muhammad;[30][31][32] see also Persecution of Ahmadis on this topic.
References
- ^Faruqi, Burhan Ahmad. The Mujaddid's Conception of Tawhid. p. 7. Retrieved 31 December 2014.
- ^ abcMeri, Josef W. (ed.). Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia. Psychology Press. p. 678.
- ^'Mujaddid - Oxford Islamic Studies Online'. www.oxfordislamicstudies.com. Retrieved 2018-09-03.
- ^Sunan Abu Dawood, 37:4278
- ^'Religion in Southeast Asia: An Encyclopedia of Faiths and Cultures'. ABC-CLIO, LLC.
- ^Jesudas M. Athyal, Religion in Southeast Asia: An Encyclopedia of Faiths and Cultures, (ABC-CLIO, LLC 2015), p 1. ISBN9781610692496.
- ^ abc'Mujaddid Ulema'. Living Islam.
- ^ abcdJosef W. Meri, Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia, (Routledge 1 Dec 2005), p 678. ISBN0415966906.
- ^ abcWaines, David (2003). An Introduction to Islam. Cambridge University Press. p. 210. ISBN0521539064.
- ^ abcWaliullah, Shah. Izalatul Khafa'an Khilafatul Khulafa. p. 77, part 7.
- ^ abcdefghNieuwenhuijze, C.A.O.van (1997). Paradise Lost: Reflections on the Struggle for Authenticity in the Middle East. p. 24. ISBN90 04 10672 3.
- ^ abJosef W. Meri, Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia, (Routledge 1 Dec 2005), p 678. ISBN0415966906
- ^Ihya Ulum Ad Din, Dar Al Minhaj: Volume 1. p. 403.
- ^'Imam Ghazali: The Sun of the Fifth Century Hujjat al-Islam'. The Pen. February 1, 2011.
- ^Jane I. Smith, Islam in America, p 36. ISBN0231519990
- ^Dhahabi, Siyar, 4.566
- ^Willard Gurdon Oxtoby, Oxford University Press, 1996, p 421
- ^'al-Razi, Fakhr al-Din (1149-1209)'. Muslim Philosophy.
- ^'Ibn Hajar Al-Asqalani'. Hanafi.co.uk. Archived from the original on 2004-09-02.
- ^ abAzra, Azyumardi (2004). The Origins of Islamic Reformism in Southeast Asia part of the ASAA Southeast Asia Publications Series. University of Hawaii Press. p. 18. ISBN9780824828486.
- ^Glasse, Cyril (1997). The New Encyclopedia of Islam. AltaMira Press. p. 432. ISBN90 04 10672 3.
- ^'A Short Biographical Sketch of Mawlana al-Haddad'. Iqra Islamic Publications. Archived from the original on 2011-05-27.
- ^Kunju, Saifudheen (2012). 'Shah Waliullah al-Dehlawi: Thoughts and Contributions': 1. Retrieved 5 April 2015.Cite journal requires
|journal=
(help) - ^'Gyarwee Sharif'. al-mukhtar books. Archived from the original on 2012-04-26.
- ^O. Hunwick, John (1995). African And Islamic Revival in Sudanic Africa: A Journal of Historical Sources. p. 6.
- ^Rippin, Andrew. Muslims: Their Religious Beliefs and Practices. p. 282.
- ^Mawdudi and the Making of Islamic Revivalism. Oxford University Press.
- ^Gugler, Thomas K (2015). Ridgeon, Lloyd (ed.). Sufis and Salafis in the Contemporary Age. Bloomsbury. pp. 171–189. Retrieved 8 September 2018.
- ^Adil Hussain Khan, From Sufism to Ahmadiyya: A Muslim Minority Movement in South Asia, Indiana University Press, 6 April 2015, p. 42.
- ^'Ahmadis - Oxford Islamic Studies Online'. www.oxfordislamicstudies.com. Retrieved 2018-09-03.
Controversial messianic movement founded by Mirza Ghulam Ahmad in Qadian, Punjab (British-controlled India), in 1889. Founder claimed to be a “nonlegislating” prophet (thus not in opposition to the mainstream belief in the finality of Muhammad 's “legislative” prophecy) with a divine mandate for the revival and renewal of Islam ... Rejected by the majority of Muslims as heretical since it believes in ongoing prophethood after the death of Muhammad.
- ^'The Ahmadiyyah Movement - Islamic Studies - Oxford Bibliographies - obo'. Retrieved 2018-09-03.
- ^'Ghulam Ahmad, Mirza - Oxford Islamic Studies Online'. www.oxfordislamicstudies.com. Retrieved 2018-09-08.
Founder of Ahmadi movement in Punjab, India, in 1889... The movement is labeled non-Muslim and fiercely opposed by Muslims, although the group considers itself Muslim.
Further reading
- Alvi, Sajida S. 'The Mujaddid and Tajdīd Traditions in the Indian Subcontinent: An Historical Overview' ('Hindistan’da Mucaddid ve Tacdîd geleneği: Tarihî bir bakış'). Journal of Turkish Studies 18 (1994): 1–15.
- Friedmann, Yohanan. 'Shaykh Ahmad Sirhindi: An Outline of His Thought and a Study of His Image in the Eyes of Posterity'. Oxford India Paperbacks
External links
- Shah Waliyu Llah about the Mujaddids(in French)
- Al Hafiz Adh Dhahabi about the Mujaddids(in French)
- Brief Introduction to the Concept of Mujaddidiyyat in Islam(in Urdu)
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